Method and apparatus for lubricating machine-cylinders.



G. D. POGUE.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LUBHICATING MACHINE CYLINDERS.

APPucATxoN FILED aM/19,1915.

1,205,662. Patented Nov. 21, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

G. D. POGUE.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING MACHINE CYLlNDERS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1915.

1,205,662. Patented Nov. 21,1916.

2 SHtETS-SHEET 2.

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" UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE.

GEORGE D. POGUE, vF ST; LOUIS, MISSOURI.

-I METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATIN'G MACHIN-CYLINDERS.

T o all'ufhomit may concern l Specification of'Letters Patent. Patented NOV, 21, 1916.

Application filed May l19, 1915. Serial No. 29,169.

Other objects and desirable features of my Be it known that I, GEORGE D. POGUE, a invention will be hereinafter pointed out.

citizenofthe United States, residing at St. Louis, Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Methods and Apparatus for Lubricating Machine- Cylinders, of which .the following is a full,

clear, and exact description, such as Willenable others skilled in the art to which'it a pertains to make and'use the same.

- This invention'relates to machines of the type that comprises a cylinderand a piston for compressing a fluid that is admitted to the cylinder.

While my invention is particularly applicable to internal combustion engines of the Diesel type, or similar types, in which liquid fuel is introduced directly into air in the'cylinder that is under high compression, and while I have herein illustrated my invention applied to a machine ofthe type just men-y tioned, I wish it to be understood that the invention is not limited to' internal combusltion engines, as it is applicable to various other kinds of machines in which a piston is employed for compressing air or other fluid that is either sucked into the cylinder or forced into the cylinder under pressure.

One object of my invention is to provide a novel method of lubricating the coperating surfaces of a cylinder and the piston that is reciprocatingly mounted in the cylinder. i y y v Another object .is to f provide a novel method of lubricating the internal w-alls of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine of the type in 'which the air that supports combustion is taken into the cylinder without first passing through a carbureting device.

Another object is to provide an efficient apparatus for practising mymethod.

Another object is to provide an internal combustion engine which comprises means for causing a dry lubricant in a pulverized, flaked or finely divided state to be admitted to the cylinder of the engine so as to lubri.

cate the coperating surfaces on the". cylinder and piston and prevent the piston rings from sticking.

Another objectis to provide an internal bc accurately controlled.

`Diesel type constructed in accordance with my invention. 2 is a horizontal sectional lview of the mechanism employed in said engine for actuating the member that governs the admission of the lubricant to the current of air that conveys the lubricant into the cylinder of the engine. Fig. 3is a detail vertical sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is'a top plan view' of the engine shown in Fig. l; and Fig. 5 is a top plan view of a two-cycle internal combustion engine.

My method, brieiy described, consists in conveying a dry lubricant in finely divided form into the cylinder of an engine or Inachine by means of air that is admitted to the cylinder, thereby causing the coperat- Qbe adequately lubricated, and eliminating fthe possibility of the piston rings sticking of the machine.y

' withv an on account of not being properly lubricated.

The apparatus that I prefer to use for4 practising my method consists of a means Voperated either mechanically or manually for introducing or admitting a dry, line-ly divided lubricant into a current of air or other fluid that is traveling into the cylinder In the machine herein shown,-which consists of an internal combustion engine, the means that governs the admission of the lubricant to the current of air that is traveling to the cylinder is operated automatically, preferably at 4regular intervals, said means being so designed that the lubricant will be supplied to the cylinder in relatively small quantities. The air that is admitted to the cylinder to support combustion is utilized to convey the lubricant into the cylinder, and the mechanism that governs the operation of the means that admits or introduces the lubricant v into the in flowing air isl preferably operated by some moving part of the engine.

Referring to Figs. Ito 3 of the drawings which illustrate a four-cycleinternal combustion engine of the Diesel type construct-4 ed in accordance with my invention, A

designates one of the cylinders of vthe en gine and B the iston that operates in said cylinder, the cy inder A. being provided L intake l through which air 1s' 4cylinders of the engine, the pipes drawn into the cylinder on the suctionstroke of the piston and also provided with a discharge pi e 2 through which the burnt gases escape rom the cylinder. receptacle C that contains a di'y lubricant in pulverized, flaked or finely divided form, such for example, as graphite or plumba 0, is combined with a controlling device which, at certain intervals, causes a measured or definite quantit cant in the container to be introduced into the cylinder A. In the form' of my invention herein shown the device D governs the admission of the drylubricant to all of the cylinders of the engine, but it will, of course, be obvious that individual lubricant-controllin devices could be employed for each cy inder, if desired. The device D consists of a solid cylindricalshapedmember that is rotatably mounted in a horizontally-disposed housing 3 at the lower end of the receptacle C which is of hopper form, said device D normally acting as a closure for the dischar e opening at the lower end of the hopper The device D is provided with a plurality of o enings 4, one for each cylinder, that exten transversely through same, as shown in Fig. l, which openings are filled automatically with the dry lubricant inthe hopper C when the device D is in its filling position, namely, in such a position that the o nings 4 therein will be positioned vertica ly and in alinement with the discharge opening at the lower end of the hopper C. When the device D is moved into the position shown in Fig. 1, which I will term its dis* charge position, the openings 4 therein aline with air pipes 5 and 5 that constitute air conduits or passageways which lead to the 5 being connected with the air intake pipes 1 of the cylinders and terminating at their opposite ends at the interior of the housing 3 in which the device D is rotatably mounted, and the pipes 5l being open to the atmosphere and having their opposite 'ends terminating at the interior of said housing 3. It will thus be seen that the device D acts as a cut-off valve for the air conduits or passageways that lead to the cylinders when said device is in other t-han its discharge position, and when said device D is in its discharge position, as shown in Fig. 1, the openings 4 therein form portions of the air conduits or passageways that lead to the cylinders. If desired, the openings 4 in the device D may be formed by bushings 4 so as to enable the quantity of lubricant that is su plied to each cylinder to be varied by su stituting bushings having openings 4 of different diameters. I also prefer to arrange check valves 6 in the air pipes 5, as shown in Fig. 1, so as to prevent back pressure in the air conduits or of the dry lubri,

passageways into which the lubricant is admitted, when the intake valves of the engine close during the cycles of operations of the engine, thereby preventing the lubricant from being blown back out of the open'ends of the pipes 5* when the device D is in its discharge position.

Normally, the device D is in such a position that it prevents air from flowing through the conduits or passageways forme by the pipes 5 and 5*; conse uently, the air that is admitted to the cylinders to support combustion is taken into the cylinders through the intakes 1'. As soon as the de` vice D moves into its 'discharge position, however, or into such a position that the openings 4 therein lineup with the air p pipes 5 and 5, the suction created in the cylinders by the movement of the pistons causes air to rush into the open ends of the pipe 5, and thus carries the finely divided,

dry lubricant in the openings 4 of the desurfaces on the cylinders, pistons and pis-Y ton rings.

It is immaterial how the device D that controls the admission of the/lubricant istimed to operate, but I prefer to actuate said device by a mechanism which causes said device to move suddenly into andI out of its discharge position and remain in its discharge position during several cycles of operations of the engine so that the lubricant holders 4 in said device will be thoroughl cleaned out. Said mechanism is also pre erably so designed that the device D will move suddenly into and out of its filling position and will remain in its filling position long enough to cause the lubricant holders 4'* in saine to be filled with the lubricant-that flows into same by gravity from the hopper C. One convenient way of actuating the lubricant-controlling device D and. governing the time of movement of said device is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, wherein the reference character 7 desi ates a stub shaft on onel end of the device on which a worin wheel 8' is loosely mounted. Said worin izo wheel meshes with a'y worm 9 that is connected to a ratchet wheel 10 that is operated intermittently by a pawl 12 on a rock arm 11 actuated by a link- 13 from some moving part of the engine, such, for example, as an eccentric 13 on the crank shaft, as shown in Fig. 4L l If desired, the shaft on which the iso Worm 9 is mounted could be driven continuously from some revolving shaft of the en gine by Vmeans of. gears, belt or in any other suitable manner. vA cam 14 that is rigidly connected to the shaft 7 on the device D forms part of'a mechanism for holding the device D in one or the otherof its positions, and said camis also utilized to transmit movement from the worm wheel 8 to the device D. Said cam 14 is provided on its periphery with four notches 14a that,1 cooperate with a roller 15a on a .spring-pressed plunger 15 that is reciprocatingly mounted in guides 17, a coiled expansion spring'l being arranged on said plunger between. -one of saidguides and a collar 15b on the plunger, so as to hold the roller 15a on the plunger pressed against the periphery' of the cam 14. The worm wheel 8 is provided'with a hubwheel 8L in which a segmental-shaped slot 19 is formed, as shown in Fig. 3, and the ,y cam 14 is provided with a laterally-projecting pin 18 that'J enters said slot.

When the engine is in operation the intermittent movement that is imparted to the ratchet-wheel 10 causes the worm wheel 8 to turn slowly, and when the pin 18 on the cam 14 is in engagement with one end of the,

segmental-shaped sloty 19 in the hub of the worm wheel 8, the device Dvwill turn slowly with said worm Wheel. At such times the roller 15a on the plunger 15- rides on lone of the projections on the periphery of the cam 14. that is located intermediate the notches 14a. As soon as the roller 15 passes over (the high point of the particular projection *jwithe-which' it is then coperating, the force at certain intervals.

of the spring 1G causes 'the plunger 15 to exert pressure on the cam 14 and thus give a sudden forward impulse to the device D, the device D remaining at rest inthe position into which it has been moved until the end of Athe segmental-shaped slot 19 again comes in contact with the pin 18 on the cam 14. During the time the worm wheel 8 is traveling forwardly so as to catch up with the cam 14 the device D is held securely inposition by the spring-pressed plunger 15 whose roller is then seated in one of the notches 14 in said cam.

An operating mechanism of the construction above described causes the device D to remain at rest long enough to insure the lubric'ani-J holders 4 therein to be filled with the lubricant when said device is in its filling position, and also long enough to insure said lubricant holders being completely discharged or cleaned out when the device D is in its discharging position. Furthermore, such an operating mechanism causes the lubricant to be admitted to the cylinders only I wish it to'be understood that my invention is not limited to the means described above for transmitting an intermittent rotary motion to the device D,

as there are many other simple ways of ac-v .with the oil in the crank case by means of collecting devices arranged at the lower ends of the cylinders. In the form of my inven- 'tion shown in Fig. 1 said collecting devices consist of upturned flan es ortrou hs 23 ,arranged at the lower en s of the cy inders and provided with drain pipes 24 that lead to a point outside of the crank casegsaid troughs being so arranged that they will receive and collect any dryrlubricant or carbon that works downwardly between the pistons and the inner walls of the cylinders. The )iston B of each cylinder is preferably provlded at its lower end with an upturned flange ortrough 25 for catching the lubricating oil that is thrown off the wrist pin f bearing and preventing such oil from finding its way into the trough 23 and there mixing with the substance that is being drained out of the crank case through the drain4 pipe 24, the oil that collects in the trough 25 being of such a character that it can be again used for lubricating the engine.

In order that the oil that collects in the trough 25 will be conducted back into the crank case, I have provided said trough 25 with a drain pipe 26 which is suspended from an extension on said` trough 25'that projects inwardly a sufficient distance to cause the pipe 25 to clear the Y,trough 23 ,on the cylinder, or, in other words, prevent the oil that escapes through the pipe 26 from entering the trough 23. The pipe 26 is of suiiicient length to insure the lower end of same remaining below the trough 23 on the cylinder when the piston is at the upper end of its stroke` thereby preventing the oil that is escaping from the drain pipe 26 from being thrown laterally into the trough 23.

When my invention is embodied in a twocycle internal combustion engine practically the same mechanism is employed for causing the lubricant to be carried into the cylf inders, but instead of utilizing the'suction in the cylinders to convey the lubricant intov erence character 27 designates a means for supplying air to the cylinders, so as to scavenge same and`28 designates a pipe communicating with said air-supplying devicev and leading vto the air inlet pi es 5 of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. uring those cycles of operations of the engine that the device lD is in its discharge position, as shown in Fig. l, the air that is forced through the pipe 28 of the engine shown in Fig. 5 causes the lubricant in the openings 4 of the deviceD to be carried into the cylinders so as to lubricate the cooperating surfaces on the pistons and cylinders.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1,. A lubricating device for internaloombustion engines, comprising a receptacle for holding a quantity o dry lubricant in finely divided form, a rotatable device provided with an opening for receiving lubricant from said receptacle, pipes arranged adjacent the path of movement of said device in such a mannerthat they will aline with the opening therein when said device is in a certain position and thus form an air passageway or conduit through which air is taken into the cylinder of the engine, mechanism for rotating said device, and means for holding said device at rest when it is in its filling and discharge positions long enough to insure the proper filling and discharge of same.

2. A lubricating device for internal combustion engines, com rising a receptacle for holding a quantity o dry lubricant in finely divided form, a rotatable device that is adapted to receive lubricant from said receptacle and thereafter introduce said lubri cant into a current of air that is being taken into the cylinder of the engine, an operating mechanism for said device comprising a rotatable element, a holding means for said device which causes it to remain at rest when said rotatable element is in motion, and means for transmitting movement from said rotatable element to said device, said holding means being so constructed that it imparts a quick or sudden movement to said vdevice when said rotatable element reaches 4. An internal combustion engine, c0mprising means for introducing a dry lubricant in finely divided form into the cylinder of the engine, and means for preventing said lubricant or carbon in the cylinder from becoming mixed with the lubricating oil in the crank case of the engine, said means comprising a collecting device arranged at the lower end of the cylinder and a drain device leading from said collecting device to Waste. l

5. An internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a collecting device arranged at the lower end of the cylinder for collecting any substance that works down the inner wall of the cylinder, a waste pipe leading from said collectingdevice, and means for preventing the oil that is thrown ofi' the wrist pin bearin on the piston from mixing with the su stance in mid collecting device.

6. An internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder,

' a collecting device arranged at the lower endof the cylinder for collecting any substance that works down the inner Wall of the cylinder, a waste pipe leading from said collecting device, a collecting trough on the lower end of the piston for receiving oil that is thrown off the wrist pin bearing, and a drain pipe for conductin the oil from said trough back into the cran case.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aix my signature in the resence of two witnesses, this seventeenth dity of Ma f 1915.

GEORG D. POGUE.

Witnesses:

WELLS L. CHURCH, GEORGE BAKEWELL. 

